The development direction of modern logistics rail

The development direction of modern logistics railway container transportation

in the phased objectives of China's transportation development formulated during the Tenth Five Year Plan period, the state clearly puts forward that the development direction of transportation is freight logistics. The establishment of this goal will have a significant impact on the development of railway container transportation. At present, China has not yet established a comprehensive logistics system, which is a better development opportunity for the railway, a re division of the transportation market, and a process of re allocation of transportation resources. The railway must seize this opportunity related to the future development

has certain advantages, but more problems

although railway container transportation, as a special mode of transportation, has incomparable advantages in the process of integrating into modern logistics

the railway has professional loading and unloading machinery and employees, which can provide professional container transportation services for the society. Railway transportation has relatively mature application information technology, such as tims, dims, etc. Tims is the railway transportation management information system, and DMIS is the railway traffic dispatching and command system

at present, China is building 18 container central stations in central cities and port cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc., so that they can operate container trains with each other and become national and regional railway container transportation centers; About 40 container handling stations close to provincial capitals, large port cities and major inland ports will be built to make them become regional railway container transportation centers

however, there are still many problems in China's railway due to environmental constraints and other aspects. In terms of system and mechanism, the "sub centers" between the container center of the Ministry of Railways and the bureaus are a loose partnership, which has neither asset ties nor administrative subordination. Both sides lack incentives and constraints, resulting in unclear rights and responsibilities of railway container transportation, unrestrained operation, difficult to calculate profits and losses, and lack of a set of scientific and powerful interest, risk and restriction mechanisms in management

the infrastructure of railway container transportation is weak and the supporting facilities are imperfect. To a certain extent, it can replace some foreign fixtures

first of all, the box structure is unreasonable. Traditionally, China's railways are dominated by small containers, with 1t, 5T and 10t containers dominating, while the internationally used 20ft and 40ft containers account for a small proportion. At present, small and medium-sized containers are seriously overstocked, resulting in the transportation of a large number of empty containers, which restricts the rational allocation of container resources

second, the railway lacks special equipment to adapt to the loading and unloading of international standard containers, which reduces the loading and unloading speed and efficiency, causing serious damage to the standard containers and existing loading and unloading machinery, and increasing the transportation cost

third, the development of special railway vehicles is relatively slow, the special flat car for containers is obviously insufficient, and the substitution of vehicles is relatively common, forming a phenomenon that containers compete with ordinary goods for vehicles and capacity. At present, the number of X6A and X6B special vehicles suitable for container transportation is small, and there are only more than 5000 vehicles in the country

fourth, the number of railway container handling stations is small, the distribution is unreasonable, and the infrastructure is backward. At present, there are 609 container handling stations announced in the whole road, with an average distance of 102km. Among them, 122 stations can handle 40 foot boxes and 424 stations can handle 20 foot boxes. Most of the container handling stations along the road are comprehensive freight stations, most of which share the site with bulky goods. In these handling stations, there are many problems, such as uneven distribution between stations, backward equipment, insufficient capacity and insufficient maintenance and repair capacity of containers

fifth, the transportation capacity of the main channels is tight. In 2004, the railway container traffic volume was 59.52 million tons, mainly concentrated in Guangzhou, Chengdu, Tianjin, Shanghai, Beijing, Urumqi, Kunming, Chongqing, Harbin, Lanzhou and other 10 container operation points, with the sending volume accounting for 30.33% of the total container volume and the arrival volume accounting for 35.46% of the total. Beijing Guangzhou, Beijing Shanghai, Beijing Harbin, Longhai and other major railway lines are in a tight capacity and can no longer meet the needs of railway container transportation

in addition, the seasonal fluctuation and regional imbalance of container traffic put forward higher requirements for line capacity. With the increase of container transportation volume, the allocation of empty containers will also increase, and the occupation capacity will also increase, which requires sufficient transportation capacity to ensure

the organization mode of railway container transportation is backward

China's railway containers are mixed with ordinary goods and carry out technical operations, with many transit links, long transit time and low delivery speed; Single layer loading and unloading, small transportation volume, unable to meet social needs

the railway container transportation has poor coordination with other transportation modes, which can not effectively cooperate to achieve "door-to-door" services, and has to be unpacked again in the port, increasing the transportation links and costs

the railway container transportation information management means are backward, and there has been a lack of efficient electronic data exchange system (EDI), which increases the difficulty of mastering the container source and monitoring the transportation process during transportation, and also makes the railway container transportation unable to actively participate in multimodal transport and integrate into modern logistics

countermeasures and suggestions for integrating into modern logistics

in order to improve the efficiency of railway container transportation, the railway must carry out a more profound reform of the container transportation system, establish a modern enterprise system, and clarify the rights and responsibilities, so as to make it adapt to the development of modern logistics

container transportation is mostly high value-added goods, which requires high effectiveness. We must speed up the construction of developed and perfect railways and improve the railway transportation capacity. Realize the rapid expansion of transportation capacity, realize the separate transportation of passengers and goods on the main busy trunk lines, and form a large capacity freight network covering the whole country to meet the needs of modern logistics development

the handling station must be reasonably planned, and the spacing should be reasonably determined in the layout. At the same time, the equipment capacity, the storage and loading and unloading capacity of the handling station and the whole train receiving and dispatching capacity of the handling station should be improved

a container central station should be built in the railway hub station. It not only has the function of distributing railway containers, but also becomes the logistics distribution center of the city. The construction of container central station should have convenient road transportation and large-scale warehouses to participate in the competition of regional logistics industry

improve the transportation organization, organize the container express direct train, and improve the container transportation volume, line capacity and economic benefits of container transportation. At this stage, steel mills are not willing to raise the purchase price again

increase the proportion of train transportation, timely carry out double-layer container special train transportation, further reduce transportation costs, meet the transportation needs of containers, and achieve increased transportation and income. In the major coastal ports with large throughput, the railway should formulate corresponding regulations in accordance with international practice and actively participate in multimodal transport to promote the development of modern logistics industry

strengthen the information construction and realize the automatic management of the container yard, so that the container transportation companies, container owners and shippers distributed all over the world can grasp the dynamics of the container at any time through the electronic network system of the yard, such as the handling, maintenance, repair and other processing processes of the container and every cost incurred

with the help of the management network, the container yard can check the work achievements of the yard over the years according to the historical data at any time, and pursue the causes of abnormal conditions, so as to improve the service level of the yard

in addition, apply railway container information system to provide personalized services and develop third-party logistics

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